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OIC Declaration on Human Rights

Member005 — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 15:08:38 GMT

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== OIC Declaration on Human Rights ==

The '''OIC Declaration on Human Rights''' (also referred to as the revised '''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam''' or '''Cairo Declaration of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation on Human Rights''') is a declaration adopted by the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC) in 2020. It revises and replaces the original [[The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam|Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam]] of 1990.

=== Background ===
The 1990 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam was adopted on 5 August 1990 by the OIC (then known as the Organisation of the Islamic Conference) during its 19th Conference of Foreign Ministers in Cairo. It presented an Islamic perspective on human rights and served as a counterpart to the [[The Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]. The 1990 document explicitly subordinated all rights to Islamic Sharia as the sole source of reference.

=== Adoption of the 2020 Revision ===
The revised declaration was adopted on '''28 November 2020''' by the OIC Council of Foreign Ministers at its 47th session in '''Niamey, Niger'''. The revision process had been underway since the early 2010s under the OIC’s Independent Permanent Human Rights Commission.

=== Key Changes ===
The 2020 version introduced several significant modifications compared to the 1990 text:

* The title was shortened by removing the phrase “in Islam”, becoming the '''OIC Declaration on Human Rights'''.
* Explicit references to Sharia as the supreme and sole authority for all rights were removed. Sharia is mentioned only lightly in the preamble as one source of guiding principles rather than as a limiting factor.
* Greater emphasis was placed on compatibility with international human rights standards.
* Provisions concerning women’s rights and non-discrimination were strengthened in several areas.

The document remains non-binding. Analyses note that while it moves closer to universal standards in some respects, it retains certain limitations, including a traditional definition of marriage and restrictions on expression intended to protect religious sanctities.

=== Relation to the United Nations ===
The OIC Declaration on Human Rights is an instrument of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and was not adopted by any United Nations body. The OIC holds permanent observer status at the United Nations, and its member states frequently engage with UN human rights mechanisms, but the declaration itself originates from the OIC Council of Foreign Ministers.

=== Full Text of the 2020 OIC Declaration on Human Rights ===
The complete text of the 2020 OIC Declaration on Human Rights is available in the following publicly accessible academic source, which reproduces the full declaration along with detailed analysis and commentary:

* [https://rwi.lu.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2020-OIC-Declaration-of-Human-Rights.pdf OIC Declaration on Human Rights: Changing the Name or a Paradigm Change? – Raoul Wallenberg Institute (M.H. Mozaffari, 2021)]

This paper contains the full official text of the declaration adopted in Niamey on 28 November 2020.

=== Sources and Further Reading ===
* [[The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam]]
* [[The Organization of Islamic Cooperation’s declaration on human rights: Promises and pitfalls - September 28, 2020 by Turan Kayaoglu]] (Brookings Institution)
* Official text of the 2020 OIC Declaration on Human Rights: [https://oic-iphrc.org/ckfinder/userfiles/files/FINAL%20OHRD%20CLEAN%20%20VERSION%2024_12_2020.pdf PDF version]
* Detailed analysis and discussion of the 2020 OIC Declaration on Human Rights: [https://rwi.lu.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2020-OIC-Declaration-of-Human-Rights.pdf Raoul Wallenberg Institute paper by M.H. Mozaffari]

The 2020 OIC Declaration on Human Rights is now the current instrument of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation on the subject and represents the direct successor to the 1990 Cairo Declaration.

[[Category:Human rights]]
[[Category:Islam and human rights]]
[[Category:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]
[[Category:Declarations]]

Brookings

Member005 — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 15:00:23 GMT

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Turan Kayaoglu

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The Organization of Islamic Cooperation’s declaration on human rights: Promises and pitfalls - September 28, 2020 by Turan Kayaoglu

Member005 — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 14:59:21 GMT

Member005:

{{Web citation
|web link=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-organization-of-islamic-cooperations-declaration-on-human-rights-promises-and-pitfalls/
|archive link=https://web.archive.org/web/20260302132746/https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-organization-of-islamic-cooperations-declaration-on-human-rights-promises-and-pitfalls/
|title=The Organization of Islamic Cooperation’s declaration on human rights: Promises and pitfalls
|author=Turan Kayaoglu
|source=Brookings
|date=September 28, 2020
|wmdsays=Brookings goes through and analyses the changes introduced to the replacement for the Cairo Declartion in the 2020 "OIC Declaration on Human Rights".
|extract=The ODHR marks an improvement from the 1990 Cairo Declaration as it aligns more closely with the UDHR, and offers a contemporary formulation of Muslim state positions on human rights. Though some may fear that the revised instrument is simply its predecessor rebranded, this deflects attention away from the OIC’s great progress. Indeed, the revision of the ODHR demonstrates the organization’s engagement with international human rights, responsiveness to criticism, and its willingness to move away from rejecting the UDHR or co-opting Sharia to limit basic freedoms.

Moving forward, if the OIC and international community seek to further human rights in the Muslim world, they should focus on implementation, diplomacy, and involving civil society. Regarding implementation, the OIC should continue to refine its human rights vision and, more importantly, move to implement basic freedoms with binding treaties and monitoring. It should also help member states build their human rights capacity. On the part of the international community, it can and should collaborate with member states, and their NHRIs more specifically, to realize ODHR principles that already align with those of the UDHR. On areas of divergence, the U.N., Western governments, and human rights NGOs should engage in diplomacy and dialogue with the OIC. Carrying out tactful discourse will be of the utmost importance. If the international community attacks the ODHR though caricaturing, belittling, and shaming, this will empower OIC conservatives at the expense of moderates. Finally, CSOs must be brought to the table. Indeed, the OIC should engage with CSOs, NGOs, and unions in member states if it wants to increase efficacy. And though civil society was excluded from the Cairo Declaration’s revision process, its involvement is key to guarantee that the ODHR has visibility, legitimacy, and impact.
}}

New Page: Thematic Comparison or Universal vs Cairo Declaration of Human Rights

Member005 — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 17:38:01 GMT

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Whilst updating the site, we thought it would be good to put in a new article, hope you like it.

[[Thematic Comparison of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam)]]

[[web date::June 11 2026]]
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Thematic Comparison of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam)

Member005 — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 13:35:48 GMT

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{{#tag:metadesc |Thematic comparison of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) by content rather than article number}}

'''Thematic Comparison of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam''' is a content-based analysis that groups corresponding provisions from the two declarations by topic. It serves as a companion to the [[Universal Human Rights vs Islamic Human Rights]] presented in the notes for the song ''[[Best Nation]]''.

== Introduction ==
[[The Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] (UDHR, adopted 1948) and [[The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam]] (CDHRI, adopted 1990) both affirm the dignity of the human person and many core rights. However, they differ significantly in structure, philosophical foundation, and scope.

This page matches provisions **thematically** rather than by article number. The most important overarching difference is that the CDHRI states that all rights and freedoms are subject to the Islamic ''Shari’ah'' and that ''Shari’ah'' is the sole reference for their interpretation (Articles 24 and 25). The UDHR presents rights as inherent and universal, with limitations determined by law in a democratic society.

== Overview of the Two Declarations ==
* The '''UDHR''' contains a preamble and 30 articles. It is a secular document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly as “a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations.”
* The '''CDHRI''' contains a preamble and 25 articles. It was adopted by the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) and frames human rights as an integral part of Islam, derived from divine commandments.

== Thematic Comparison ==

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<div class="wmd_islamic_HR">
=== Universal PREAMBLE ===
Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

=== Islamic PREAMBLE ===
Adopted and Issued at the Nineteenth Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers in Cairo on 5 August 1990. Cairo, 14 Muharram 1411H

The Member States of the Organization of the Islamic Conference,

Reaffirming the civilizing and historical role of the Islamic Ummah which God made the best nation that has given mankind a universal and well-balanced civilization in which harmony is established between this life and the hereafter and knowledge is combined with faith; and the role that this Ummah should play to guide a humanity confused by competing trends and ideologies and to provide solutions to the chronic problems of this materialistic civilization.

Wishing to contribute to the efforts of mankind to assert human rights, to protect man from exploitation and persecution, and to affirm his freedom and right to a dignified life in accordance with the Islamic Shari’ah

Convinced that mankind which has reached an advanced stage in materialistic science is still, and shall remain, in dire need of faith to support its civilization and of a self-motivating force to guard its rights;

Believing that fundamental rights and universal freedoms in Islam are an integral part of the Islamic religion and that no one as a matter of principle has the right to suspend them in whole or in part or violate or ignore them in as much as they are binding divine commandments, which are contained in the Revealed Books of God and were sent through the last of His Prophets to complete the preceding divine messages thereby making their observance an act of worship and their neglect or violation an abominable sin, and accordingly every person is individually responsible — and the Ummah collectively responsible — for their safeguard.

Proceeding from the above-mentioned principles,

Declare the following:
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<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 1. Foundational Principles (Preambles) ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Reaffirming the civilizing and historical role of the Islamic ''Ummah'' which God made the best nation that has given mankind a universal and well-balanced civilization in which harmony is established between this life and the hereafter and knowledge is combined with faith; and the role that this Ummah should play to guide a humanity confused by competing trends and ideologies and to provide solutions to the chronic problems of this materialistic civilization.

Wishing to contribute to the efforts of mankind to assert human rights, to protect man from exploitation and persecution, and to affirm his freedom and right to a dignified life in accordance with the Islamic Shari’ah

Convinced that mankind which has reached an advanced stage in materialistic science is still, and shall remain, in dire need of faith to support its civilization and of a self-motivating force to guard its rights;

Believing that fundamental rights and universal freedoms in Islam are an integral part of the Islamic religion and that no one as a matter of principle has the right to suspend them in whole or in part or violate or ignore them in as much as they are binding divine commandments, which are contained in the Revealed Books of God and were sent through the last of His Prophets to complete the preceding divine messages thereby making their observance an act of worship and their neglect or violation an abominable sin, and accordingly every person is individually responsible — and the Ummah collectively responsible — for their safeguard.

'''Analysis'''
Both documents are foundational. The UDHR is secular and presents rights as inherent and universal. The CDHRI is explicitly Islamic, presenting rights as divine obligations and positioning the Islamic ''Ummah'' as a guide for humanity.
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=== Universal Article 1 ===
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

=== Universal Article 2 ===
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

=== Universal Article 7 ===
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

=== Islamic Article 1 ===
(a) All human beings form one family whose members are united by submission to God and descent from Adam. All men are equal in terms of basic human dignity and basic obligations and responsibilities, without any discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, language, sex, religious belief, political affiliation, social status or other considerations. True faith is the guarantee for enhancing such dignity along the path to human perfection.

(b) All human beings are God’s subjects, and the most loved by him are those who are most useful to the rest of His subjects, and no one has superiority over another except on the basis of piety and good deeds.

=== Islamic Article 19 ===
(a) All individuals are equal before the law, without distinction between the ruler and the ruled.
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<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 2. Human Dignity and Equality ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Art. 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Art. 2 & 7: Non-discrimination and equality before the law.

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Art. 1(a): All human beings form one family whose members are united by submission to God and descent from Adam. All men are equal in terms of basic human dignity and basic obligations and responsibilities, without any discrimination… True faith is the guarantee for enhancing such dignity…
Art. 1(b) & 19(a): Superiority only on the basis of piety and good deeds. All are equal before the law.

'''Analysis'''
Very similar on equality and non-discrimination. The CDHRI adds an Islamic dimension (submission to God, piety, and faith as enhancer of dignity) which destroys blind equality and elevates "pious" Muslims to a higher level.
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<div class="wmd_islamic_HR">
=== Universal Article 3 ===
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

=== Islamic Article 2 ===
(a) Life is a God-given gift and the right to life is guaranteed to every human being. It is the duty of individuals, societies and states to protect this right from any violation, and it is prohibited to take away life except for a Shari’ah-prescribed reason.

(b) It is forbidden to resort to such means as may result in the genocidal annihilation of mankind.

(c) The preservation of human life throughout the term of time willed by God is a duty prescribed by Shari’ah.

(d) Safety from bodily harm is a guaranteed right. It is the duty of the state to safeguard it, and it is prohibited to breach it without a Shari’ah-prescribed reason.
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<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 3. Right to Life, Liberty and Security ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Art. 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Art. 2: Life is a God-given gift… It is prohibited to take away life except for a ''Shari’ah''-prescribed reason… Safety from bodily harm is a guaranteed right.

'''Analysis'''
Both affirm the right to life and personal security. The CDHRI explicitly allows the taking of life for a ''Shari’ah''-prescribed reason and includes detailed rules for armed conflict. Because all rights are subject to ''Shari’ah'' (Articles 24–25), this creates a potential opening for traditional hudud punishments in certain interpretations.
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=== Universal Article 4 ===
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

=== Universal Article 5 ===
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

=== Universal Article 9 ===
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

=== Islamic Article 11 ===
(a) Human beings are born free, and no one has the right to enslave, humiliate, oppress or exploit them, and there can be no subjugation but to God the Most-High.

(b) Colonialism of all types being one of the most evil forms of enslavement is totally prohibited. Peoples suffering from colonialism have the full right to freedom and self-determination. It is the duty of all States and peoples to support the struggle of colonized peoples for the liquidation of all forms of colonialism and occupation, and all States and peoples have the right to preserve their independent identity and exercise control over their wealth and natural resources.

=== Islamic Article 20 ===
It is not permitted without legitimate reason to arrest an individual, or restrict his freedom, to exile or to punish him. It is not permitted to subject him to physical or psychological torture or to any form of humiliation, cruelty or indignity. Nor is it permitted to subject an individual to medical or scientific experimentation without his consent or at the risk of his health or of his life. Nor is it permitted to promulgate emergency laws that would provide executive authority for such actions.
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<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 4. Prohibition of Slavery, Torture and Arbitrary Treatment ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Art. 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Art. 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Art. 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Art. 11(a): Human beings are born free, and no one has the right to enslave, humiliate, oppress or exploit them…
Art. 11(b): Colonialism of all types being one of the most evil forms of enslavement is totally prohibited.
Art. 20: It is not permitted without legitimate reason to arrest an individual… to subject him to physical or psychological torture or to any form of humiliation, cruelty or indignity…

'''Analysis'''
Both declarations contain explicit prohibitions on slavery/enslavement and on torture or cruel treatment. The CDHRI additionally condemns colonialism as a form of enslavement and prohibits non-consensual medical or scientific experimentation. However, the CDHRI’s provisions remain subject to the Islamic ''Shari’ah'' as the sole reference and supreme authority (Articles 24 and 25).
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<div class="wmd_islamic_HR">
=== Universal Article 16 ===
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.

(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

=== Islamic Article 5 ===
(a) The family is the foundation of society, and marriage is the basis of its formation. Men and women have the right to marriage, and no restrictions stemming from race, colour or nationality shall prevent them from enjoying this right.

(b) Society and the State shall remove all obstacles to marriage and shall facilitate marital procedure. They shall ensure family protection and welfare.

=== Islamic Article 6 ===
(a) Woman is equal to man in human dignity, and has rights to enjoy as well as duties to perform; she has her own civil entity and financial independence, and the right to retain her name and lineage.

(b) The husband is responsible for the support and welfare of the family.

=== Islamic Article 7 ===
(a) As of the moment of birth, every child has rights due from the parents, society and the state to be accorded proper nursing, education and material, hygienic and moral care. Both the fetus and the mother must be protected and accorded special care.

(b) Parents and those in such like capacity have the right to choose the type of education they desire for their children, provided they take into consideration the interest and future of the children in accordance with ethical values and the principles of the Shari’ah.

(c) Both parents are entitled to certain rights from their children, and relatives are entitled to rights from their kin, in accordance with the tenets of the Shari’ah.
</div>
<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 5. Family, Marriage, Women and Children ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Art. 16: Men and women… have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent…

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Art. 5: The family is the foundation of society, and marriage is the basis of its formation…
Art. 6: Woman is equal to man in human dignity, and has rights to enjoy as well as duties to perform… The husband is responsible for the support and welfare of the family.
Art. 7: Rights of the child and parents (with reference to ''Shari’ah'').

'''Analysis'''
Both documents recognise the family as a fundamental unit and affirm the right to marriage. The CDHRI states that women are “equal to man in human dignity” and have financial independence, while assigning the husband responsibility for the family’s support. Because all provisions are subject to ''Shari’ah'' (Articles 24–25), traditional Islamic rules regarding inheritance, guardianship, and family roles remain potentially applicable.
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=== Universal Article 26 ===
(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.

(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

=== Islamic Article 9 ===
(a) The quest for knowledge is an obligation, and the provision of education is a duty for society and the State. The State shall ensure the availability of ways and means to acquire education and shall guarantee educational diversity in the interest of society so as to enable man to be acquainted with the religion of Islam and the facts of the Universe for the benefit of mankind.

(b) Every human being has the right to receive both religious and worldly education from the various institutions of education and guidance, including the family, the school, the university, the media, etc., and in such an integrated and balanced manner as to develop his personality, strengthen his faith in God and promote his respect for and defence of both rights and obligations.
</div>
<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 6. Education and Knowledge ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Art. 26: Everyone has the right to education… directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations…

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Art. 9: The quest for knowledge is an obligation… Every human being has the right to receive both religious and worldly education… in such an integrated and balanced manner as to develop his personality, strengthen his faith in God…

'''Analysis'''
Both treat education as a right and duty. The CDHRI stresses religious education and strengthening faith in God, while requiring that education choices consider ''Shari’ah''. The UDHR emphasises human rights, tolerance, and international understanding.
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=== Universal Article 17 ===
(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.

(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

=== Universal Article 23 ===
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.

(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.

(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

=== Islamic Article 13 ===
Work is a right guaranteed by the State and Society for each person able to work. Everyone shall be free to choose the work that suits him best and which serves his interests and those of society. The employee shall have the right to safety and security as well as to all other social guarantees. He may neither be assigned work beyond his capacity nor be subjected to compulsion or exploited or harmed in any way. He shall be entitled — without any discrimination between males and females — to fair wages for his work without delay, as well as to the holidays, allowances and promotions which he deserves. For his part, he shall be required to be dedicated and meticulous in his work. Should workers and employers disagree on any matter, the State shall intervene to settle the dispute and have the grievances redressed, the rights confirmed and justice enforced without bias.

=== Islamic Article 14 ===
Everyone shall have the right to legitimate gains without monopolization, deceit or harm to oneself or to others. Usury (riba) is absolutely prohibited.

=== Islamic Article 15 ===
(a) Everyone shall have the right to own property acquired in a legitimate way, and shall be entitled to the rights of ownership, without prejudice to oneself, others or to society in general. Expropriation is not permissible except for the requirements of public interest and upon payment of immediate and fair compensation.

(b) Confiscation and seizure of property is prohibited except for a necessity dictated by law.
</div>
<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 7. Work, Economic Rights and Property ===
Both documents guarantee the right to work, fair wages without gender discrimination, safe conditions, property ownership (with limits for public interest), and a decent standard of living. The CDHRI additionally prohibits ''riba'' (usury) and guarantees state intervention in labour disputes.
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=== Universal Article 13 ===
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.

(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

=== Universal Article 14 ===
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.

(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

=== Islamic Article 12 ===
Every man shall have the right, within the framework of Shari’ah, to free movement and to select his place of residence whether inside or outside his country and, if persecuted, is entitled to seek asylum in another country. The country of refuge shall ensure his protection until he reaches safety, unless asylum is motivated by an act which Shari’ah regards as a crime.
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<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 8. Freedom of Movement and Asylum ===
Both affirm the right to freedom of movement and the right to seek asylum when persecuted. The CDHRI qualifies these rights “within the framework of ''Shari’ah''” and excludes asylum if motivated by a ''Shari’ah''-regarded crime.

'''Analysis'''
The core rights are similar, but the CDHRI subordinates them to Shari’ah.
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<div class="wmd_islamic_HR">
=== Universal Article 12 ===
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

=== Islamic Article 18 ===
(a) Everyone shall have the right to live in security for himself, his religion, his dependents, his honour and his property.

(b) Everyone shall have the right to privacy in the conduct of his private affairs, in his home, among his family, with regard to his property and his relationships. It is not permitted to spy on him, to place him under surveillance or to besmirch his good name. The State shall protect him from arbitrary interference.

(c) A private residence is inviolable in all cases. It will not be entered without permission from its inhabitants or in any unlawful manner, nor shall it be demolished or confiscated and its dwellers evicted.
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<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 9. Privacy, Honour and Inviolability of the Home ===
Strong similarity. Both protect privacy, honour/reputation, and the inviolability of the home. The CDHRI adds explicit protection of honour after death and prohibition of eviction without due process.
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=== Universal Article 18 ===
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

=== Universal Article 19 ===
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

=== Islamic Article 10 ===
Islam is the religion of unspoiled nature. It is prohibited to exercise any form of compulsion on man or to exploit his poverty or ignorance in order to convert him to another religion or to atheism.

=== Islamic Article 22 ===
(a) Everyone shall have the right to express his opinion freely in such manner as would not be contrary to the principles of the Shari’ah.

(b) Everyone shall have the right to advocate what is right, and propagate what is good, and warn against what is wrong and evil according to the norms of Islamic Shari’ah.

(c) Information is a vital necessity to society. It may not be exploited or misused in such a way as may violate sanctities and the dignity of Prophets, undermine moral and ethical values or disintegrate, corrupt or harm society or weaken its faith.

(d) It is not permitted to arouse nationalistic or doctrinal hatred or to do anything that may be an incitement to any form of racial discrimination.
</div>
<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 10. Freedom of Religion, Thought, Conscience and Expression ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Art. 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief…
Art. 19: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression…

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Art. 10: Islam is the religion of unspoiled nature. It is prohibited to exercise any form of compulsion on man or to exploit his poverty or ignorance in order to convert him to another religion or to atheism.
Art. 22: Everyone shall have the right to express his opinion freely in such manner as would not be contrary to the principles of the ''Shari’ah''… Information… may not be exploited or misused in such a way as may violate sanctities and the dignity of Prophets…

'''Analysis'''
This is one of the clearest areas of divergence. The UDHR explicitly protects the right to change one’s religion or belief and guarantees broad freedom of opinion and expression without religious restrictions. The CDHRI prohibits compulsion to convert (including to atheism) but contains no right to leave Islam. Freedom of expression is explicitly limited so that it must not be “contrary to the principles of the ''Shari’ah''”.
</div>

{{Clear float|line}}

<div class="wmd_islamic_HR">
=== Universal Article 21 ===
(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.

(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

=== Islamic Article 11 ===
(b) Colonialism of all types being one of the most evil forms of enslavement is totally prohibited. Peoples suffering from colonialism have the full right to freedom and self-determination. It is the duty of all States and peoples to support the struggle of colonized peoples for the liquidation of all forms of colonialism and occupation, and all States and peoples have the right to preserve their independent identity and exercise control over their wealth and natural resources.

=== Islamic Article 23 ===
(a) Authority is a trust; and abuse or malicious exploitation thereof is absolutely prohibited, so that fundamental human rights may be guaranteed.

(b) Everyone shall have the right to participate, directly or indirectly in the administration of his country's public affairs. He shall also have the right to assume public office in accordance with the provisions of Shari'ah.
</div>
<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 11. Political Participation and Self-Determination ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Art. 21: Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country… The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections…

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Art. 11(b): Colonized peoples have the full right to freedom and self-determination…
Art. 23: Everyone shall have the right to participate, directly or indirectly, in the administration of his country's public affairs. He shall also have the right to assume public office in accordance with the provisions of ''Shari'ah''.

'''Analysis'''
Both support participation in public affairs and self-determination (particularly for colonised peoples). The UDHR explicitly bases legitimate government authority on the will of the people expressed through periodic genuine elections. The CDHRI qualifies the right to hold public office and participate in governance “in accordance with the provisions of ''Shari’ah''” and does not mention elections or popular sovereignty.
</div>

{{Clear float|line}}

<div class="wmd_islamic_HR">
=== Universal Article 22 ===
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

=== Universal Article 25 ===
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

=== Islamic Article 17 ===
(a) Everyone shall have the right to live in a clean environment, away from vice and moral corruption, an environment that would foster his self-development; and it is incumbent upon the State and society in general to afford that right.

(b) Everyone shall have the right to medical and social care, and to all public amenities provided by society and the State within the limits of their available resources.

(c) The State shall ensure the right of the individual to a decent living which will enable him to meet all his requirements and those of his dependents, including food, clothing, housing, education, medical care and all other basic needs.
</div>
<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 12. Social Security, Standard of Living, Health and Culture ===
Both affirm rights to an adequate standard of living, medical care, and social security. The CDHRI adds the right to live in a “clean environment, away from vice and moral corruption” and qualifies scientific and cultural rights so they are “not contrary to the principles of ''Shari’ah''”.
</div>

{{Clear float|line}}

<div class="wmd_islamic_HR">
=== Universal Article 6 ===
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

=== Universal Article 8 ===
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

=== Universal Article 10 ===
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

=== Universal Article 11 ===
(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.

(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

=== Islamic Article 8 ===
Every human being has the right to enjoy his legal capacity in terms of both obligation and commitment. Should this capacity be lost or impaired, he shall be represented by his guardian.

=== Islamic Article 19 ===
(a) All individuals are equal before the law, without distinction between the ruler and the ruled.

(b) The right to resort to justice is guaranteed to everyone.

(c) Liability is in essence personal.

(d) There shall be no crime or punishment except as provided for in the Shari’ah.

(e) A defendant is innocent until his guilt is proven in a fair trial in which he shall be given all the guarantees of defence.
</div>
<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 13. Legal Protections and Fair Trial ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Art. 6, 8, 10 & 11: Recognition as a person before the law, effective remedy, fair and public hearing by an independent tribunal, presumption of innocence, and prohibition of retroactive criminal law.

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Art. 8: Right to legal capacity.
Art. 19: All are equal before the law… There shall be no crime or punishment except as provided for in the ''Shari’ah''… A defendant is innocent until his guilt is proven in a fair trial…

'''Analysis'''
Both affirm equality before the law, the right to justice, the presumption of innocence, and the right to a fair trial with defence guarantees. However, the CDHRI states in Art. 19(d) that “There shall be no crime or punishment except as provided for in the ''Shari’ah''.” Combined with the supremacy of ''Shari’ah'' in Articles 24 and 25, this means that hudud punishments permitted under traditional interpretations of Islamic law remain theoretically possible.
</div>

{{Clear float|line}}

<div class="wmd_islamic_HR">
=== Universal Article 29 ===
(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.

(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

=== Universal Article 30 ===
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

=== Islamic Article 24 ===
All the rights and freedoms stipulated in this Declaration are subject to the Islamic Shari'ah.

=== Islamic Article 25 ===
The Islamic Shari'ah is the only source of reference for the explanation or clarification to any of the articles of this Declaration.
</div>
<div class="wmd_univ_HR">
=== 14. Limitations on Rights and Duties ===
'''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'''
Art. 29–30: Rights may be limited only by law for the purpose of securing due recognition of the rights of others and meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

'''Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam'''
Art. 24: All the rights and freedoms stipulated in this Declaration are subject to the Islamic ''Shari'ah''.
Art. 25: The Islamic ''Shari'ah'' is the only source of reference for the explanation or clarification to any of the articles of this Declaration.

'''Analysis'''
This is the central structural difference between the two declarations. The UDHR allows limitations determined by law in a democratic society. The CDHRI places the Islamic ''Shari’ah'' above all rights as the supreme and sole interpretive authority.
</div>

{{Clear float|line}}

== Summary of Key Similarities and Differences ==

Both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) affirm the inherent dignity of the human person and recognise many of the same core rights, including the right to life, personal security, family, education, work, property, privacy, and a fair trial.

However, there is a fundamental structural difference between the two documents:

- The '''UDHR''' presents rights as inherent, inalienable, and universal. Limitations on rights are determined by law and must serve the requirements of a democratic society.
- The '''CDHRI''' presents rights as an integral part of Islam and states that all rights and freedoms “are subject to the Islamic ''Shari’ah''” (Article 24), with ''Shari’ah'' being “the only source of reference” for their interpretation (Article 25).

This supremacy of ''Shari’ah'' creates significant differences in several key areas:

* '''Freedom of religion''': The UDHR explicitly includes the right to change one’s religion or belief. The CDHRI prohibits compulsion to convert (including to atheism) but contains no equivalent right to leave Islam.
* '''Freedom of expression''': The UDHR protects broad freedom of opinion and expression. The CDHRI limits expression so that it must not be “contrary to the principles of the ''Shari’ah''” and must not violate the sanctities or dignity of Prophets.
* '''Criminal justice and punishments''': The UDHR prohibits cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment without exception. The CDHRI states that there shall be “no crime or punishment except as provided for in the ''Shari’ah''”, which leaves open the possibility of hudud punishments under traditional interpretations of Islamic law.
* '''Political participation''': The UDHR bases legitimate government authority on the will of the people expressed through periodic genuine elections. The CDHRI qualifies the right to participate in public affairs and hold public office “in accordance with the provisions of ''Shari’ah''”.
* '''Women’s rights and family law''': Both documents protect the family and the right to marry. The CDHRI affirms that women are “equal to man in human dignity” but also assigns distinct roles and subjects family matters to ''Shari’ah''.
* '''Slavery''': Both documents contain explicit prohibitions on enslavement. However, while the UDHR’s ban is absolute, the CDHRI’s provisions remain subject to ''Shari’ah'', which historically permitted regulated forms of slavery.

In summary, while the two declarations overlap on many individual rights, the CDHRI frames those rights within an Islamic legal and theological framework in which ''Shari’ah'' is supreme. This creates both textual differences and interpretive tensions that are not present in the UDHR.

== See also ==
* [[Universal Human Rights vs Islamic Human Rights]]
* [[Best Nation]] (song based on this)
* [[The Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]
* [[The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam]]

== External links ==
* [https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights – United Nations]
* [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam – Wikisource]

==Songs That Link Here==

{{SongLinks | PageName={{FULLPAGENAME}} }}

[[Category:Human rights]]
[[Category:Islam and human rights]]
[[Category:Comparative law]]
[[Category:Best Nation Notes]]
[[Category:Song Notes]]

Staging remediation log: Page Forms fatal after SMW 5.1.0 upgrade

Member005 — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 09:55:24 GMT

Member005: SMW Upgrade documentation

= Staging remediation log: Page Forms fatal after SMW 5.1.0 upgrade =
''Date: 2026-06-10''

''Environment: staging only (<code>dev.weaponofmusicaldefense.com</code>)''

== Summary ==
After upgrading Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) on staging to 5.1.0, <code>Special:FormEdit/Web_citation</code> began failing with HTTP 500 and a fatal exception.
The failure was due to Page Forms calling SMW legacy class aliases removed in SMW 5.
A targeted compatibility patch was applied in staging, and the endpoint now renders successfully (HTTP 200).

== Problem observed ==
* Failing URL:
** <code>https://dev.weaponofmusicaldefense.com/thelibrary/Special:FormEdit/Web_citation</code>
* Symptom:
** Fatal exception / HTTP 500 on staging.
* Root error identified:
** <code>Class "SMWDIProperty" not found</code>

== Root cause ==
SMW 5 removed long-deprecated global class aliases (including <code>SMWDIProperty</code> and related legacy names).
The installed Page Forms branch still used legacy class names in multiple files, causing runtime failures in FormEdit-related code paths.

== Changes applied ==
=== 1) Page Forms: namespaced SMW class updates ===
Updated Page Forms calls from legacy aliases to namespaced SMW classes in:
* <code>mw_data_staging/extensions/PageForms/includes/PF_TemplateField.php</code>
* <code>mw_data_staging/extensions/PageForms/includes/PF_ValuesUtils.php</code>
* <code>mw_data_staging/extensions/PageForms/specials/PF_CreateTemplate.php</code>

Representative edits:
* <code>SMWDIProperty::newFromUserLabel(...)</code> → <code>\SMW\DIProperty::newFromUserLabel(...)</code>
* <code>SMWDIWikiPage::newFromTitle(...)</code> → <code>\SMW\DIWikiPage::newFromTitle(...)</code>
* <code>new SMWRequestOptions()</code> → <code>new \SMW\RequestOptions()</code>
* <code>new SMWConceptDescription(...)</code> → <code>new \SMW\Query\Language\ConceptDescription(...)</code>
* <code>new SMWPrintRequest(...)</code> → <code>new \SMW\Query\PrintRequest(...)</code>

=== 2) Page Forms: safe adjustment for DataValueFactory method availability ===
In <code>PF_TemplateField.php</code>, the label-format code path previously called <code>SMWDataValueFactory::findTypeID(...)</code>.
That method is not available in the installed SMW runtime.
The staging patch now uses <code>$this->mPropertyType</code> directly as the type ID before calling:
* <code>\SMW\DataValueFactory::newTypeIDValue(...)</code>

=== 3) Debug exposure cleanup ===
After validation, staging exception-detail output was disabled again:
* <code>mw_data_staging/LocalSettings.php</code>
* Confirmed value:
** <code>$wgShowExceptionDetails = false;</code>

== Validation performed ==
=== Endpoint check ===
* Requested:
** <code>https://dev.weaponofmusicaldefense.com/thelibrary/Special:FormEdit/Web_citation</code>
* Result:
** <code>HTTP 200</code>
** Response contains <code>Create Web citation</code> heading/title
** No fatal exception text in response

=== Log check ===
* Searched staging container logs for:
** <code>SMWDIProperty</code>
** <code>Call to undefined method</code>
** <code>Fatal exception</code> / <code>PHP Fatal</code>
* Result:
** No new fatal matches after patch/validation requests

== Current status ==
* Staging FormEdit path is restored for <code>Web_citation</code>.
* Staging remains on:
** MediaWiki 1.41.1
** Semantic MediaWiki 5.1.0
* This removes the immediate blocker introduced by the SMW upgrade and clears the path for subsequent staged core/runtime upgrade work.

== Notes ==
* Changes were intentionally limited to staging files under <code>mw_data_staging</code>.
* No production routing/content changes were made in this remediation.

[[category:upgrades]]

DynamicPageList3 pagelinks compatibility fix

Member005 — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 09:51:42 GMT

Member005: Document problems with upgrading DPL

= Production remediation log: DynamicPageList3 pagelinks compatibility fix =
''Date: 2026-06-11''

''Environment: production (<code>weaponofmusicaldefense.com</code>) and dev mirror (<code>dev.weaponofmusicaldefense.com</code>)''

== Summary ==
After cutover to the upgraded MediaWiki stack, many content pages that include DynamicPageList3 (DPL) output began failing with <code>Wikimedia\Rdbms\DBQueryError</code> (HTTP 500).
The failure was caused by DPL building <code>pagelinks</code> queries with assumptions incompatible with the active links schema.
A targeted compatibility patch was applied in DPL <code>Query.php</code>, then propagated to dev.
Affected pages now render normally (HTTP 200), with no immediate recurrence in recent logs.

== Problem observed ==
* Affected behavior:
** page view returned HTTP 500
** <code>?action=edit</code> still returned 200 and showed page source
* Representative failing pages:
** <code>https://weaponofmusicaldefense.com/thelibrary/Winston_Churchill</code>
** <code>https://weaponofmusicaldefense.com/thelibrary/Hugh_Fitzgerald</code>
** <code>https://weaponofmusicaldefense.com/thelibrary/Appeasement</code>
* Error signatures observed during diagnosis:
** <code>Unknown column 'pl.pl_title' in 'field list'</code>
** <code>Unknown column 'pl.pl_target_id' in 'on clause'</code>

[upgrades]
== Root cause ==
DPL query construction in <code>DynamicPageList3/includes/Query.php</code> used <code>pagelinks</code> title/namespace assumptions that are not always valid after MediaWiki links schema migration.
In the upgraded schema, <code>pagelinks</code> may reference <code>linktarget</code> via <code>pl_target_id</code> rather than storing <code>pl_namespace</code>/<code>pl_title</code> directly for the query path DPL was building.
Additionally, one generated SQL shape mixed join styles in a way that caused alias scoping issues, producing an invalid <code>ON</code> clause reference.

== Patch applied ==
Patched methods:
* <code>_linksto(...)</code>
* <code>_notlinksto(...)</code>

Key compatibility changes:
# Use MediaWiki links migration API to discover correct title fields at runtime:
#* <code>MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getLinksMigration()->getTitleFields('pagelinks')</code>
# Detect when query fields are <code>lt_*</code> and therefore require <code>linktarget</code>:
#* <code>needsLinkTarget = strpos($nsField, 'lt_') === 0 || strpos($titleField, 'lt_') === 0</code>
# In <code>_linksto(...)</code>, when <code>needsLinkTarget</code> is true:
#* add <code>linktarget</code> table alias <code>lt</code>
#* relate rows via <code>lt.lt_id = pl.pl_target_id</code>
#* use <code>lt.<field></code> expressions for namespace/title comparisons and selected aliases (<code>sel_ns</code>, <code>sel_title</code>)
# In <code>_notlinksto(...)</code>, when <code>needsLinkTarget</code> is true:
#* use a subquery joining <code>pagelinks pl_sub</code> to <code>linktarget lt_sub</code> on <code>lt_sub.lt_id = pl_sub.pl_target_id</code>
#* evaluate title/namespace filters against <code>lt_sub.<field></code>
# Correct SQL scoping issue in <code>_linksto(...)</code> by applying the <code>lt</code>↔<code>pl</code> relation as a <code>WHERE</code> condition (<code>addWhere('lt.lt_id = pl.pl_target_id')</code>) instead of the prior problematic join-form expression.

== Files changed ==
* <code>mw_data_staging/extensions/DynamicPageList3/includes/Query.php</code> (production-served tree)
* <code>mw_data/extensions/DynamicPageList3/includes/Query.php</code> (dev tree mirror)

== Why this patch was needed ==
Without this patch, DPL generated SQL that referenced columns/aliases not valid for the active links schema and join shape, causing fatal query exceptions and site-visible HTTP 500s on pages using DPL link filters.
The patch makes DPL schema-aware at runtime through <code>LinksMigration</code> and uses SQL forms compatible with the current schema.

== Validation ==
* Re-tested previously failing production pages: now HTTP 200.
* Re-tested corresponding dev pages: now HTTP 200.
* Confirmed production and dev DPL <code>Query.php</code> are synchronized.
* Recent production log scan after patch showed no new <code>DBQueryError</code> spikes for this incident pattern.

== Follow-up recommendations ==
* Monitor for additional DPL code paths that may still assume legacy/new-incompatible <code>pagelinks</code> field usage (for example in related link-filter parameters).
* Upstream this compatibility patch (or move to an upstream DPL release containing equivalent links-migration support) to reduce local patch drift.

[[Category:upgrades]]